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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high levels of co-morbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and addiction to drugs) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medications are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed drugs. Medicines Many people with ADHD report significant improvements in their symptoms as well as functioning in response to medications. It is important that people who suffer from ADHD discover the right combination of medications that works for them. Stimulants, like methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults suffering from ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medicine taken once a day to lessen the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Desipramine and other antidepressants have also been proven to be effective in treatment of adults suffering from ADHD. This class of drugs can be used on its own or in combination with stimulants to boost their effects. However, they may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as alprazolam as well as clonidine are used for the treatment of adults with ADHD. These drugs were initially developed to treat hypertension. They have a calming effect and can help improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in certain adults. However, these drugs can cause a very low blood pressure when they are suddenly cut off or reduced in dosage. Adults suffering from ADHD may also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD to overcome feelings of embarrassment, shame, and resentment toward coworkers, teachers, supervisors, and family members that may criticize or nag them. Additionally counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can help those with ADHD overcome their self-esteem issues and the sense of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that create difficulties in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as acting. This short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy has been proven effective in treating a variety of conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be utilized in conjunction with other treatments or on its own. CBT could include group therapy, which can be particularly helpful for adults with ADHD because it gives the opportunity to interact with other people with similar challenges and to learn from others how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults with ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting measures like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. Several studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect size. These improvements were linked to a variety of modalities such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving exercises and mindfulness meditation. It is important to compare the effectiveness of various treatment options for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that the differences in the results of treatment are due to a variety of factors, such as treatment characteristics and the measures used. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a method that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while doing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas of the brain where there is too much or little activity – and then instructing the person to manage these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also suffer from comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help address these issues, which may contribute to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy techniques that can aid in improving the ability of individuals to manage conflicts and create meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage self-destructive, impulsive and negative behaviors that can create problems at school or work. In some instances psychotherapy may be used as an alternative to medication for adult adhd in adults treatment. Patients with comorbid disorders such as bipolar disorder, and addiction to drugs should be evaluated with care to ensure they do not suffer from symptoms that aren't improved by the medication used to treat ADHD. People with certain medical issues like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, have to be treated more aggressively because they are at higher risk of developing complications from the medication. If ADHD is serious enough to affect daily functioning and quality-of-life, intensive outpatient programs may be suggested. These programs offer more intense and structured treatment than traditional outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of cognitive therapy, aids people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. It teaches them to recognize and express their emotions and utilizes worksheets and activities to make the lessons interesting. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and improves a person's ability to focus and manage their emotions. It also improves a person's ability to tolerate anxiety and stress. It can assist them in dealing with anger, sadness, and other emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. These symptoms can also affect relationships and can lead to financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help boost your self-esteem, solve the root causes of your issues and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral Therapy is a great treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps you change your negative thoughts and behaviors. It concentrates on teaching techniques for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions which can cause negative moods, and the perception of limited choices. Many people with ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric conditions can cause or reduce the effectiveness of certain drugs used to treat ADHD. source website is recommended to first treat the most severe comorbid condition and then observe its response to the medication before treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can teach you methods to organize your life and your work, establish routines that are predictable, manage time and money, and create an optimistic self-image. It can also help you learn relaxation methods that may reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other exercises can also aid in improving your concentration by stabilizing your body during various postures. Marriage and family counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to resolve the issues they create for their children, spouses and other family members. They frequently complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They often forget things or make impulsive choices. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are educated about ADHD can help you develop better relationships. It can also help you and your family members realize that the problems are due to ADHD instead of the lack of care or a refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly common neurobiological disorder. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatments. There are many medications available for adults with ADHD. Some of these medications have been tested in clinical trials. click here for info have exposed the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs. Adults suffering from ADHD experience the same symptoms as children, but it isn't always easy to recognize them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist into adulthood. Adults suffering from ADHD may not have any family history of the disorder or may not be aware of symptoms. It is important to have a thorough medical history in order to determine whether the symptoms are due to an illness, like thyroid issues such as sleep apnea, sleep apnea and vision problems. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medications for adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are in the 70%-80% range. The most commonly used stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. Methylphenidate is also accessible in a transdermal system that allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can take non-stimulant drugs that act on norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine is the most studied tricyclic drug and has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose drug and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a second antidepressant that has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist and blocks the reuptake process of norepinephrine by the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults, but it isn't as effective as stimulants when it comes to improving cognitive performance or concentration.